基于步行性的城市热环境暴露风险区识别及其健康效应——以武汉市主城区为例

Identification and Health Effects of Urban Thermal Exposure Risk Areas Based on Walkability:A Case Study of Main Urban Area of Wuhan City

以武汉市主城区为例,运用大气校正法反演地表温度,基于步行指数计算步行性,通过空间叠加识别出高步行-高热类(预警空间)、高步行-低热类(友好空间)、低步行-高热类和低步行-低热类4类空间,并基于脆弱人群视角探究城市的健康公平性。结果表明:预警空间占全域12.53%,呈大小落石状分布于城市中心区,友好空间占全域1.13%,零星散落于预警空间内。研究区内32.50%的常住人口生活在预警空间,33.11%的儿童和40.01%的老年人生活在高步行性和高热环境暴露风险的空间中,预警空间对老年人表现出明显的倾向性,老年人健康风险较高。此外,儿童相对于老年人更多生活在低步行性空间,老年人相对于儿童面临更高的热环境暴露风险。

This paper took the main urban area of Wuhan as an example,calculated the walking index and inverted the surface temperature based on the atmospheric correction method.The paper identified four types of spaces:high walkability and high heat-exposure-risk(pre-warning space),high walkability and low heat-exposure-risk(friendly space),low walkability and high heat-exposure-risk,low walkability and low heat-exposure-risk.Then the paper explored the health fairness based on the perspective of vulnerable populations.The results show that:The pre-warning space account for 12.53%,which is distributed in the central area of the city in the shape of large and small rocks.The friendly space account for about 1.13%,scattered sporadically in the pre-warning space.32.5%of the permanent population in the study area live in the pre-warning space,33.11%of the children and 40.01%of the elderly also live in the space with high walkability and high heat exposure risk.The pre-warning space show obvious tendencies to the elderly,and the health risk is high.In addition,children are more likely to live in low walkability space than the elderly,while the elderly are at higher heat exposure risk than children.