论魏晋士人的自然主义生命意识

The Naturalistic Life Consciousness of Wei and Jin Scholars

“自然”是道家哲学的重要概念。自先秦时期,老、庄即主张回归本真、顺应自然,以自然态度面对人生。至魏晋之际,玄学大畅,士人个体生命意识觉醒,其思想以先秦道家为主流,体现鲜明的自然主义色彩,由此发展出王弼的“喜、惧、哀、乐,民之自然”、嵇康的“越名教而任自然”,以及郭象的“物皆自然,无物使然”等观点。魏晋士人通过对“自然”的体悟,追求生命本真的存在状态,向往诗意自由的人生,彰显自然主义的生命意识,对魏晋士人群体本身、魏晋社会、美学发展乃至后世哲学都产生了深远影响。

"Nature" is an important concept in Taoist philosophy. Since the preQin period, Laozi and Zhuangzi advocated returning to the original, conforming to nature, and facing life with a natural attitude. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, metaphysics was prosperous, and the individual life consciousness of the scholars was awakened. Their thoughts were dominated by pre-Qin Taoism, reflecting the distinctive characteristics of naturalism, which developed Wang Bi’s views of "joys and sorrows are human nature", Ji Kang’s view of "surpass Confucian ethical and conforming to nature", and Guo Xiang’s view of "all things are natural and motivated by themselves". Through the understanding of "nature", the Wei and Jin scholars pursued the true state of existence, yearned for a poetic and free life, and reflected the naturalistic life consciousness, which had an impact on the Wei and Jin scholars themselves, the society of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the development of aesthetics and even the philosophy of later generations.