《庄子》中的道言悖论与语言游戏

The Dao-Speech Paradox in Zhuangzi with Concept of Language Game

《齐物论》凸显了“孟浪之言”与“妙道之行”间的紧张关系:整全之“道”拒绝以言呈现自身,不当之“言”不能完成达道的终极指归。《庄子》关注语言限度的同时寻求一种好或正当的言说方式破局,即区分“言”“所言”和“言者”三个向度,以语言为中介使“所言”与“言者”相互理解和建构。从伽达默尔哲学诠释学的角度出发,使“道—言”与“对话—真理”互发,使一种《庄子》意义上的语言活动或语言游戏得以可能,解道言之悖并完成一次视域融合。

Equalizing Assessments of Things highlights the tension between Dao and speech in Zhuangzi. The discourse between Qu Quezi and Zhang Wuzi renders rude and careless words unable to achieve mysterious courses. Dao would become deficient when expressed by language. Zhuangzi handle the problems by seeking a kind of great speech to approach Dao. The point is that speech consists of language, the message it carries and refers to, and co-speakers. These three aspects can be complementary and mutually reinforced. Language itself and objects are mutually constructing and empowering at the same time in discourse. From the perspective of Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics, "Dao-speech" and "truth-dialogue" are mutually developed, so that a language activity or language game in the sense of Zhuangzi can be possible, and the contradiction between Dao and speech can be solved and a fusion of horizons can be completed.