论未成年人检察公益诉讼之“公益”界定标准

The Definition Standard of "Public Interest" in Juvenile Prosecutorial Public Interest Litigation

未成年人检察公益诉讼的案件范围已经突破了普通公益诉讼的四大领域,各地检察机关开展了很多新领域的探索。未成年人检察公益诉讼范围的正当性与未成年人公共利益的界定标准密切相关。明晰未成年人公共利益的界定标准,不但可以为检察机关提起未成年人公益诉讼提供指引,而且可以在一定程度上消除检察机关在探索未成年人公益诉讼过程中的顾虑。未成年人身、心、情、意、志的全面良好发展是界定未成年人公共利益的实质标准。对未成年人侵害的不特定性、持续性和代际传递性是判断侵害未成年人公共利益程度的标准。检察机关启动未成年人公益诉讼的宜采用“二元标准”,在未成年人公共利益已经受到侵害的基础上,将未成年人公共利益有被侵害的风险也作为综合考虑的要素。

The scope of juvenile′ prosecutorial public interest litigation is a new expansion of the scope among the four main types of public interest litigation cases. The procuratorial organs around China have explored many new types of cases. The legitimacy of the scope is closely related to the criteria for defining juvenile′ public interests. Clarifying the definition standard of juvenile′ public interest can not only provide guidance for the procuratorial organ to initiate juvenile′ public interest litigation, but also eliminate the concerns of the procuratorial organ in the process of exploring juvenile′ public interest litigation to a certain extent. Whether the five aspects of juvenile′ physical, psychological, emotional, personal conduct, ideals and beliefs are well developed is the essential standard to define juvenile′ public interests. The non-singleness, continuity and intergenerational transmission of juvenile′ infringement are three aspects of the specific standard to judge the degree of juvenile′ public interest infringement. The procuratorial organs should adopt the "dual standard" when starting the public interest litigation of juvenile. On the one hand, the public interests of juvenile have been violated, on the other hand, the potential risk of juvenile′ public interests being violated should be comprehensively considered.