中国雕塑艺术新论

On Chinese Sculpture Art

雕塑艺术在中国传统艺术门类里具有举世公认的独特地位,其主体主要由陶俑、佛教造像和陵墓雕刻等构成。秦代陶俑的出现把中国古代雕塑艺术推向了前所未有的高度。两汉的陶俑更是以秦俑为基石,并发展陶俑雕塑艺术。由于俑像艺术的成熟,加之佛教东传,大起浮屠祠,使得佛教造像也迅速发展起来。各朝代的佛教造像各有千秋,从古至今绵延几千年,共同组成中国佛教雕塑。陵墓雕刻与陶俑、佛教雕塑不同,其广泛发展与厚葬风气有关。从陵墓表饰雕刻看,早期以汉代霍去病墓前雕刻群为代表作,六朝的陵墓石兽一定程度影响了佛教雕塑,唐代中国陵墓雕塑发展到顶峰,而后发展势头渐趋减退。

Sculpture art has a unique position in the traditional Chinese art,and its main body is mainly composed of pottery figurines,Buddhist statues and mausoleum carvings.The appearance of pottery figurines in the Qin Dynasty pushed ancient Chinese sculpture art to an unprecedented height.The pottery figurines of the Han Dynasty,with the Qin figurines as the basis,developed the art of pottery figurines sculpture.Due to the maturity of the art of figurines,coupled with the spread of Buddhism to the east and the rise of the Buddha Temple,Buddhist statues also witnessed rapid development.The Buddhist statues in different dynasties have their own merits,stretching from ancient times to the present for thousands of years,which have finally formed Chinese Buddhist sculptures.Mausoleum carvings are different from pottery figurines and Buddhist sculptures,and their extensive development was closely related to the elaborate funeral prevalent at that time.Judging from the carvings on the surface of the mausoleum,the group of sculptures in front of Huoqubing Tomb in the Han Dynasty was the representative work in the early stage.The Tomb Stone Beasts of the Six Dynasties influenced Buddhist sculpture to a certain extent.The Chinese tomb sculpture reached its peak in the Tang Dynasty,and gradually declined afterwards.