家庭体育环境与青少年身体姿态异常的关系研究——基于自主体育锻炼的中介效应

Research on the Relationship between Family Sports Environment and Abnormal Body Posture of Children and Adolescents:A Mediating Effect of Self-initiated Physical Exercise

儿童青少年近视率高发说明身体姿态异常可能是一个影响因素。使用由国家体育总局体育科学研究所于2019年组织实施的青少年身体姿态与生活方式调查的数据,探究儿童青少年身体姿态异常、家庭体育环境、自主体育锻炼之间的关系。研究结果显示:一方面,被调查儿童青少年身体姿态异常受家庭体育环境的直接影响,相比家庭体育物理环境,家庭体育心理环境和家庭体育行为环境对被调查儿童青少年身体姿态异常的直接效应更为显著;另一方面,家庭体育环境促进被调查儿童青少年的自主体育锻炼产生了中介效应,并且被调查儿童青少年的自主体育锻炼可以有效抑制身体姿态异常程度。此外,家庭体育环境、自主体育锻炼对不同程度的身体姿态异常儿童青少年的影响均有差异。体育锻炼促进性的家庭物理环境对低程度身体姿态异常儿童青少年具有显著影响,对中程度和高程度的身体姿态异常儿童青少年则需要营造家庭体育心理环境和家庭体育行为环境,由此更有利于自主体育锻炼发挥作用。因此,应积极倡导实现家庭体育的价值,父母要为其子女营造良好的家庭体育环境,促进其子女进行自主体育锻炼,以此预防身体姿态异常。

Myopia among children and adolescents in China,abnormal body posture has become a major problem that leads to adverse effects on their physical health.Based on data of the Survey on the Body Postures and Lifestyle of Children and Adolescents organized and implemented by the Institute of Sports Science of the General Administration of Sport of China in 2019,this paper explores the relationships among abnormal body posture,sports-and exercise-related family environment,and self-initiated physical exercise among children and adolescents.The results show that the abnormal body posture of children and adolescents is directly affected by the family environment.Compared with the physical environment of the family,the direct effects of psychological environment and behavioral environment on abnormal body posture are more significant.Self-initiated physical exercise promoted by the family environment has a mediating effect on abnormal body posture,and high levels of physical exercise can effectively reduce the progressions of abnormal body posture.In addition,family environment and self-initiated physical exercise have significant and various effects on children and adolescents with different progressions of abnormal body postures.For children and adolescents with low levels of abnormality,a facilitative physical environment within the family has significant effect;however,for children and adolescents with medium or high levels of abnormality,it is more necessary to improve the family sports psychological and behavioral environments,which is more conducive to the role of self-initiated physical exercise.Therefore,it is essential to actively promote the realization of the social value of sports and exercise in the family,and parents should create a good family sports environment for their children and promote their children to exercise independently,so as to prevent abnormality of body posture among children and adolescents.