体育与健康核心素养背景下的大概念要义阐释、提取路径与内容框架

Essential Explanation,Extraction Path and Content Framework of the Subject Big Idea of Physical Education and Health in the Context of Core Literacy

学科大概念作为核心素养导向的课程改革话语,在不同版本的国家课程方案和课程标准中被频繁提及,其要义是解决课程内容结构化的问题。学科大概念是相对于单一知识点而言的,涵盖超学科大概念、跨学科大概念和本学科大概念3个层级结构;体育与健康学科大概念具有认识论、方法论和价值论三重意义,体现出核心性、关联性、迁移性、整合性和引领性5个典型特征;体育与健康学科大概念的生成逻辑体现在学生、学科和社会3个层面,包括新时代培养体育与健康核心素养的现实需求、体育与健康方面的“惰性知识”的迁移困境需要解决、培养学生的专家思维的未来发展趋势;体育与健康学科大概念的提取路径包括“自上而下”和“自下而上”2种范式,可通过国家体育与健康课程标准、体育与健康学科的概念派生、体育与健康教材分析、生活中的体育价值、学生的体育学习难点等具体路径进行提取。在此基础上,阐述了从体育与健康核心素养到本学科大概念的逻辑进程,以及基于内容地图实现结构化大单元课程内容的案例。

As the discourse of core literacy-oriented curriculum reform,the concept of subject big idea is frequently mentioned in different versions of National Curriculum Plans and Curriculum Standards,whose main purpose is to solve the problem of“curriculum content structuralization”.Comparing to a single knowledge point,the subject big idea includes three hierarchical structures of trans-subject big idea,inter-subject big idea and ontology-subject big idea.The subject big idea of physical education and health has three meanings of epistemology,methodology and axiology,and embodies five typical characteristics of core,relevance,migration,integration and orientation.The generation logic of the subject big idea of physical education and health is embodied in the three aspects of students,subjects and society,including the practical needs of the cultivation of the core literacy of physical education and health in the new era,the long-term dilemma of“lazy knowledge”of physical education and health needs to be solved,and the future development trend of cultivating students’“expert thinking”.There are two paradigms of“top-down”and“bottom-up”to extract the subject big idea of physical education and health,which can be extracted through the national curriculum standards of physical education and health,the concept derivation of physical education and health,the analysis of physical education and health teaching materials,the value of physical education in daily life,and the difficulties of physical education learning for students.On this basis,the paper also presents the logical process from the core literacy of physical education and health to the big idea of the subject,as well as the cases of realizing the structured large unit curriculum content based on content maps.