扎实推动乡村生态振兴的主要挑战和实现路径

Main Challenges and Realization Paths of China's Rural Ecological Revitalization

扎实推动乡村生态振兴是贯彻落实党的二十大精神和习近平生态文明思想的具体体现,也是全面推进乡村振兴的必然要求。全国各地围绕农业绿色发展、农村人居环境整治、重要生态系统保护修复等内容,积极构建政府引导、市场主导、公众参与的治理格局,逐步积累了一批可复制、能推广的好经验、好做法、好模式,但仍存在路径不明、机制不优等突出问题。针对乡村生态振兴面临的困难,借鉴各地取得的宝贵经验,高质量推进乡村生态振兴可以从以下五条路径进行发力:一是优化生态环境规制路径,引导乡村健康、可持续发展;二是优化市场配置资源路径,建立生态产品价值实现机制;三是优化生态保护补偿路径,用好用活生态保护补偿政策;四是优化政府购买服务路径,提高生态系统服务供给水平;五是优化公众有效参与路径,激发农民参与的内生动力。

Rural ecological revitalization is the embodiment of the Xi Jinping Ecological Civilization Idea and the inevitable requirement of promoting rural revitalization.At present,around the important contents of green development of agriculture,rural living environment improvement,protection and restoration of key ecosystems,all over the country actively build a governance structure featuring government-guided,market-led and public participation,gradually accumulate a number of good experiences,good practices and good models that can be replicated and promoted,but it still faces prominent problems such as unclear paths and poor mechanisms.In view of the difficulties faced by the revitalization of rural ecology,summarizing the valuable experience obtained in various regions,the following five ways can be used to promote the revitalization of rural ecology with high quality:i)optimize the path of ecological and environmental regulation to guide the healthy and sustainable development of rural areas,ii)optimize the path of market allocation of resources,establish ecological product value realization mechanism,iii) optimize the ecocompensation path,make good use of eco-compensation policies for ecological protection,iv)optimize the path of government purchasing services to improve the supply level of ecosystem services,v)optimize effective public participation path to stimulate the endogenous motivation of farmers’participation.