中西部县域高中学生自主学习能力的现状、影响因素和培养策略

The Current Situation, Influencing Factors and Cultivating Strategies of Autonomous Learning Ability of County Senior High School Students in the Central and Western China

中西部县域高中是我国普通高中教育发展的薄弱环节和难点,培养和提高学生自主学习能力是整体提升县域高中教育质量的题中应有之义。采用《高中学生自主学习能力现状调查问卷》,从自主学习意识的自主性、学习内容的自主性、学习过程的自主性以及学习方法的自主性等四个维度,对中西部六省份县域高中的1027名学生进行调查。结果表明:中西部县域高中学生在自主学习能力13个指标上的表现不容乐观;上学目的的明确性、学校和教师对自主学习能力培养的重视程度、家长对孩子学业的介入程度、同伴影响、学校归属感等因素与高中学生自主学习能力密切相关。为进一步提升高中学生自主学习能力,中西部县域高中应积极转变学校和教师的教育教学观念,强化学校和教师作为学生自主学习引导者的角色;加强生涯规划教育,促进高中学生树立明确的学习目的;建设重视自主发展的校园文化和班级文化,营造促进学生自主学习的文化氛围;增强学生对学校和教师的认同,提高学生的归属感;开展家庭教育指导,增强学生父母参与学校教育的积极性。

County senior high schools are the weak links and difficulties in the development of senior high school education in central and western China, and cultivating and improving students ’autonomous learning ability are the necessary approaches to the overall improvement of the teaching quality of county senior high schools. Using the “Questionnaire on the Status Quo of Senior High School Students’ Autonomous Learning Ability”, 1027 students from county senior high schools in six provinces of central and western China have been investigated from four dimensions of the autonomy of learning consciousness, the autonomy of learning content, the autonomy of learning process and the autonomy of learning methods. The results show that the performance of senior high school students in the central and western China on 13 indicators of autonomous learning ability is not optimistic;and that the autonomous learning ability of senior high school students is closely related to the clarity of the purpose of going to school, the importance that schools and teachers attach to the cultivation of autonomous learning ability, the degree of parental involvement in their children’s learning, peer influence and school belonging. In order to further improve the autonomous learning ability of senior high school students, county senior high schools in the central and western China should actively change the educational and teaching concepts of schools and teachers, and strengthen the roles of schools and teachers as the guides of students’ autonomous learning ability, strengthen career planning education and promote senior high school students to set up a clear learning goal, construct the campus culture and class culture that attach importance to autonomous development, and create the cultural atmosphere that promotes students’ autonomous learning, enhance students’ identification with schools and teachers, and improve students’ sense of belonging, and carry out family education guidance to enhance the enthusiasm of parents’ participation in school education.