区域公交服务设施供需评价--以上海嘉定区为例

Evaluation of Supply and Demand of Regional public Transport Service Facilities--Taking Jiading District of Shanghai as an Example

公共交通设施的供需匹配程度对整个交通系统的服务效率与服务水平产生极大影响。基于经济学中供需关系的理念,以上海市嘉定区公共交通服务设施为例,利用手机信令数据,提出区域公共交通服务设施分布的供需平衡的评价方法。使用洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数的方法对公共交通服务设施水平和手机信令数据表征的出行人口需求水平进行供需匹配程度评价。使用区位熵进行匹配程度的空间分析。研究表明:嘉定区公共交通供需匹配较差,资源分配基尼系数不到0.3;从区位上分析,呈现出人均资源由东北向西南方向递减的情况。最后针对轨道交通与常规公交分别给出具体建议,为各大城市内部及城市间的公交供需评价提供参考。

The matching degree of supply and demand of public transportation facilities has a significant impact on the service efficiency and service level of the entire transportation system. Based on the concept of relationship between supply and demand in economics, this paper proposes a method for evaluating and analyzing the distribution of regional public transportation service facilities to balance supply and demand. And mobile signal data is used to analyzing public transportation service facilities in Jiading District, Shanghai. The Lorentz curve and the Gini coefficient are used to evaluate the matching degree of supply and demand on the demand level of the traveling population represented by the level of public transportation facilities and mobile signal data. The location entropy method is used for spatial analysis of matching degree. Furthermore, the research shows that the supply and demand of public transportation in Jiading District are poorly matched, and the Gini coefficient in resource allocation is less than 0.3. Additionally, from the point of the location, it shows that the per capita resources are decreasing from the northeast to the southwest. Finally, several suggestions are given for rail transit and conventional public transportation, which provide support for the evaluation of public transportation supply and demand within or between major cities.