深圳市成年居民在外就餐行为及其与超重肥胖的关系

Relationship between eating out of home and overweight/obesity among adults in Shenzhen

目的了解深圳市成年居民在外就餐行为与超重肥胖之间的关系,为政府制定相关防控策略提供依据。方法数据来源于2018年深圳市居民慢性病及其危险因素调查,采用多阶段随机抽样法抽取18岁及以上常住居民10043人为调查对象问卷调查基本情况、吸烟、饮酒、在外就餐行为、体力活动等。采用SAS 9.1和Stata 15.1软件进行χ^(2)检验和多因素logistic回归分析。结果2018年深圳市18岁及以上成人在外就餐率为61.4%,早、中、晚餐在外就餐率分别为49.0%、46.6%、35.7%。深圳市居民超重肥胖率达到41.4%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,调整混杂因素后,与早餐在家就餐者相比,总人群和男性人群早餐在外就餐与超重肥胖高风险相关(OR值分别为1.10、1.16、P<0.05),女性早餐是否在外就餐与超重肥胖风险的关联无统计学意义(P>0.05);男性在外吃晚餐与超重肥胖高风险相关(OR=1.17),而女性在外吃午餐或晚餐与超重肥胖低风险相关(OR值分别为0.81和0.87),均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论深圳市居民在外就餐率较高,且不同餐次就餐行为存在差异。建议针对不同性别人群开展针对性健康教育和健康促进,遏制超重肥胖的发生发展。

Objective To understand the relationship between eating out of home and overweight/obesity among adults in Shenzhen,and provide the evidence for making prevention and control strategies.Methods The data were from"The investigation of chronic diseases and risk factors of Shenzhen residents in 2018",the multi-stage random sampling method was used to select 10043 residents(≥18 years old)as the subjects.The investigation was performed with questionnaire(including the basic condition,smoking,drinking,eating out of home and physical activity).Theχ^(2)test and multivariate logistic regression analysis method were used to analyze the data.The used software was SAS 9.1 and State 15.1.Results The rate of eating out of home among adults(≥18 years old)of Shenzhen in 2018 was 61.4%,and the rates of breakfast,lunch and dinner were 49.0%,46.6%and 35.7%,respectively.The rate of overweight/obesity in Shenzhen residents was 41.4%.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting confounding factors,as compared with residents with eating breakfast at home,eating breakfast out of home in the total residents and male residents correlated with high risk of overweight/obesity(OR values were 1.10 and 1.16,P<0.05);but eating breakfast out of home in the female residents was not correlated with risk of overweight/obesity(P>0.05);eating dinner out of home in males correlated with high risk of overweight/obesity(OR=1.17),eating lunch or dinner out of home in females correlated with low risk of overweight/obesity(OR values were 0.81 and 0.87),P<0.05 or P<0.01.Conclusion The rate of eating out of home in Shenzhen residents is higher;and there is difference of eating behaviors for each time.It is suggested that the target health education and health promotion for different genders should be performed for inhibiting the development of overweight/obesity.