北京城乡老年人群健康综合研究的研究设计和初步结果

Beijing Elderly Comprehensive Health Cohort Study:study design and preliminary results

目的介绍北京城乡老年人群健康综合研究(BECHCS)的设计方案,概述其相关的研究进展。方法采用多阶段整群抽样方法选择北京万寿路地区和密云区的代表性老年人群进行基线调查,分别纳入2102和2397名研究对象。采用问卷调查、体格检查和化验检查等方法,全面采集并评估其健康状况。完成基线调查后每2~3年随访1次,随访方法采用电话访谈和疾控数据交叉验证,获取研究对象的死亡、发病信息,目前随访截至2021年3月31日。数据分析应用SPSS 26.0和R 4.0.3软件,进行t检验和χ^(2)检验。结果基线调查共纳入4499名社区老年人群,平均年龄(70.5±6.8)岁,农村和城市人群分别占53.3%和46.7%,男性和女性分别占40.3%和59.7%。基线调查结果显示,与城市地区比较,农村地区老年人群平均年龄、平均身高、平均体重低,汉族占比高,文化程度偏低,丧偶所占比例高,职业以农民为主,收缩压较低,舒张压较高,吸烟率、饮酒率较高,体育锻炼强度较低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。城市居民自报高血压、冠心病、糖尿病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、血脂紊乱和肿瘤患病率均高于农村,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。截至最近一次随访,死亡密度为18.23/1000人年,主要死因为肿瘤和心血管病,死亡率分别为4.8%和3.9%。结论BECHCS的建立将为探索北京地区老年人群健康状况的分布特征及危险因素和健康老龄化策略的制定提供相关的基础数据和多学科研究的技术平台。

Objective To introduce the design of Beijing Elderly Comprehensive Health Cohort Study(BECHCS)and summarize its related research progress.Methods The multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select 2102 and 2397 elderly from Wanshoulu and Miyun districts of Beijing as subjects for baseline investigation,respectively.The investigation was performed with questionnaire,physical examination and laboratory tests to collect and evaluate the health condition of subjects.After the baseline investigation,one time follow-up during 2-3 years was conducted by telephone interview and cross-validation of centers for disease control and prevention to obtain the information of death and morbidity of subjects;the latest follow-up end was March 31,2021.The t test andχ^(2)test were used to analyze the data.The used softwares were SPSS 26.0 or R 4.03.Results A total of 4499 elderly residents were included in the baseline survey,the average age was(70.5±6.8)years old;the proportion of rural and urban elderly residents was 53.3%and 46.7%,respectively;the proportion of males and females was 40.3%and 59.7%,respectively;the baseline investigation results showed that as compared with urban areas,the average age,height,weight,education level,systolic blood pressure and the physical exercise intensity of rural elderly were significantly lower;the proportion of Han nationality,widowed,farmers,smoking rate,drinking rate and the diastolic blood pressure of rural elderly were significantly higher,P<0.01.The morbidity rates of self-reported hypertension,coronary heart disease,diabetes,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,dyslipidemia and cancer in urban elderly were significantly higher than those in rural elderly,P<0.01.The latest follow-up data showed,the death density was 18.23/1000 person-years,the main death causes were cancer and cardiovascular disease,mortality rates of those were 4.8%and 3.9%,respectively.Conclusion The establishment of BECHCS provides the basic data and multidisciplinary technology platform for exploring the distribution characteristics and risk factors among the elderly population in Beijing,and formulating the healthy aging strategies.