2019—2021年上海市售蔬菜质量安全分析及监管建议

Quality and safety analysis and supervisory suggestion of sampling inspection of vegetables sold in Shanghai from 2019 to 2021

目的:了解上海市市售蔬菜的质量安全情况,为以后监管提供数据及参考。方法:收集上海市市场监督管理局2019—2021年蔬菜监督抽检的公示信息,对信息进行分析汇总。结果:统计结果显示,2019—2021年蔬菜产品的不合格率分别为1.36%,0.78%,2.88%。鳞茎类、豆类和叶菜类蔬菜在3年内均有检出不合格产品,其中鳞茎类蔬菜不合格率最高;主要的不合格蔬菜品种有韭菜、豇豆、姜等,不合格项目主要为腐霉利、啶虫脒等农药残留,3年共检出超标药物及重金属污染物16种,其中6种药物禁止用于蔬菜生产中。结论:超剂量使用农药、违规使用禁用农药和未按照标准实行用药安全间隔期管理等,仍是蔬菜产品质量安全的主要问题,尤其需加强对韭菜、豇豆、姜、豆芽等高风险蔬菜的监管力度。

Objective:Understand the quality and safety of vegetables sold in Shanghai,and provide data and reference for future supervision.Methods:Public information on the supervision and sampling of vegetables by the Shanghai Market Supervision and Administration from 2019 to 2021 was collected,and the information was analyzed and summarized.Results:The statistical results of 2019—2021 show that the unqualified rate of vegetable products were 1.36%,0.78% and 2.88%,respectively.Bulb vegetables,beans and leafy vegetables were found to be unqualified products within three years,and the unqualified rate of bulb vegetables was the highest.The main substandard vegetables were leek,cowpea,ginger,etc.and the substandard items were mainly procymidone,acetamiprid and so on.In 2019—2021,16 kinds of drugs and heavy metal pollutants exceeding the standard were detected,of which 6 drugs were prohibited from being used in vegetable production.Conclusion:The excessive use of pesticides,the illegal use of prohibited pesticides and the failure to implement medication pre-harvest interval management are still the main problems of the quality and safety of vegetable products,especially to strengthen the supervision of high-risk vegetables such as leek,cowpea,ginger and bean sprout.