牵引式花生落果捡拾复收机设计与试验

Design and experiment of traction peanut secondary harvester

针对花生机械收获落果率高且回收难等问题,设计了1款牵引式花生落果捡拾复收机。通过理论计算确定了挖掘、输送、清选等关键装置的结构参数及关键作业参数;设计了1种新型偏心传动机构,在建立其等效六杆机构运动学模型的基础上,基于Adams/Insight多目标优化方法对机构参数进行优化求解,优化后筛体后端纵向振幅降低了43.6%,筛面质心最大水平加速度降低了4.5%,有助于促进果土分离透筛和减少落果溅出。通过台架试验得到影响清选效果的作业参数的取值范围;以偏心轮转速、偏心距、上筛安装倾角为试验因素,作业捡拾率、含土率为评价指标,利用Box-Behnken试验建立了评价指标与试验因素的回归模型,得到较优工作参数组合为上筛安装倾角2.82°、偏心轮转速244.61 r/min、偏心距25.54 mm;田间试验表明,壤土环境下机具的作业捡拾率、含土率分别为93.7%、28.5%,可满足落果复收要求。

In order to improve the harvest efficiency of peanut, and solve the problems of high peanut loss rate and difficult recovery in peanut mechanical harvest, this paper designs a traction peanut secondary harvester. Through theoretical calculation, the structural parameters of excavation device, conveying device and cleaning device were determined. In this paper, a new type of eccentric transmission mechanism was innovatively designed, and its kinematic model of equivalent six bar grooving was established by using the method of complex vector. ADAMS/insight multi-objective optimization module was used to optimize the size of six bar mechanism. After optimization,the longitudinal amplitude of the rear end of the optimized screen was reduced by 43.6%, and the maximum horizontal acceleration of the screen surface centroid was reduced by 4.5%, which improved the operation performance of the cleaning device. The optimization was carried out using the box-Behnken test method, with the test fastors of eccentricity and upper screen installation inclination and the evaluation indice including the operation pickup rate and soil content. Then a better combination of working parameters was obtained;the installation inclination of the upper screen was 2.82°, the rotating speed of the eccentric wheel was 244.61 r/min, and the eccentric distance was 25.54 mm. Through the field experiment, it was found that when the peanut secondary harvester operates in the loam environment, The pick-up rate of the peanut secondary harvester was 93.7% and the impurity content was 28.5%,when it operated in the loam environment, which can meet the requirements of fruit falling and recovery.