大豆生产者补贴对农户土地投入决策的影响——基于全国农村固定观察点调查数据的实证分析

The Impacts of Soybean Producer Subsidies on Farmers’ Land Input Decision-making:An Empirical Analysis Based on the Data of National Fixed Observation Points in Rural Areas in China

大豆生产者补贴是近年来中国尝试促进大豆生产振兴的重要政策工具,该政策如何影响农户决策值得深入探讨。本文基于全国农村固定观察点2016-2020年的5期数据,系统考察了大豆生产者补贴对农户土地投入决策行为的影响。研究发现:在大豆生产者补贴的激励下,农户主要通过增加土地转入面积或调整种植结构两种方式实现大豆扩种,且该补贴对农户扩种大豆的激励效应在年份间呈现先减后增的U型变化趋势。总体上看,由于大豆生产者补贴使土地转入者面临地租上涨困境,农户更倾向于通过调整种植结构的方式扩大大豆种植面积,即提高大豆面积占比。但不同群体之间差异明显:相对于小规模和中等规模农户,大豆生产者补贴对较大规模农户扩种大豆的激励效果更强;较大规模农户主要通过转入土地和调整种植结构的方式扩种大豆,而小规模农户更倾向于通过调整种植结构的方式实现大豆扩种。

Soybean producer subsidies are an important policy tool for China to promote the revitalization of soybean production in recent years.How this policy affects farmers’decision-making on soybean production deserves further discussion.Based on the data in five periods from 2016 to 2020 from national fixed observation points in rural China,this article systematically examines the impacts of producer subsidies on farmers’land input decision-making behaviors.The results show that under the incentive of soybean producer subsidies,farmers have mainly realized soybean expansion by increasing land transfer area or adjusting planting structure,and the incentive effect of the subsidies on farmers’soybean expansion has showed a U-shaped trend of decreasing first and then increasing from year to year.To be specific,farmers are more inclined to expand soybean planting areas by adjusting the planting structure,that is,increasing the proportion of soybean areas,because soybean producer subsidies make land transferees face the dilemma of rising land rent.However,there are obvious differences among different groups.Compared with small-scale and medium-scale farmers,soybean producer subsidies a stronger incentive effect on large-scale farmers to expand soybean production.Large-scale farmers mainly expand soybean planting areas by transferring to land and adjusting their planting structure,while small-scale farmers are more likely to expand soybean planting areas by adjusting their planting structure.