数字经济与农民工就业:促进还是挤出?——来自“宽带中国”政策试点的证据

The Digital Economy and Employment of Migrant Workers:Facilitation or Crowding Out? Evidence from the "Broadband China" Policy Pilot

数字经济不仅推动了就业市场上信息的充分流通,而且对原有工作岗位形成冲击,正展现出对农民工就业愈发深刻的影响。本文基于2011-2018年中国流动人口动态监测调查数据和“宽带中国”政策试点,利用多期双重差分法考察了数字经济如何影响农民工就业。研究发现:第一,数字经济显著促进了农民工就业,“宽带中国”政策试点使农民工就业率提高了1.78%;第二,数字经济对新生代和低技能农民工群体就业的促进作用更大;第三,数字经济促进农民工就业的机制包括增进就业信息获取和催生新的工作岗位;第四,数字经济提高了农民工就业质量,但这种提高仅仅表现为收入水平的提升,农民工工作强度反而有所增加。本文结论对政府进一步推进农民工就业和发展数字经济具有参考意义。

The digital economy not only promotes the full flow of information in the employment market but also has an impact on the original jobs,which is showing an increasingly profound impact on the employment of migrant workers.This article investigates how the digital economy affects the employment of migrant workers based on the dynamic montoring data of China’s floating population and the"B roadband China"policy pilot from 2011 to 2018,using a multi-period double-difference method.The study finds that,firstly,the digital economy has significantly promoted the employment of migrant workers,and the emloyment rate of migrant workers in the pilot cities of the"Broadband China"policy has increased by 1.78%.Secondly,the digital economy has a greater role in promoting the enployment of the new generation and low-skilled migrant workers.Thirdly,the mechanisms by which the digital economy promotes the employment of migrant workers include enhancing employment information and generating new jobs.Fourthly,the digital economy has improved the employment quality of migrant workers,but this improrovement is only reflected in the imporovement of income level.The conclusions of this study have imlications for the government to further promote the employment of migrant workers and develop the digital economy.