宋代四川地区榷酒制度考论

The Research of the System of Liquor Monopoly in Sichuan Area in Song Dynasty

汉武帝天汉三年,初榷酒酤,朝廷开始征收酒课。至宋代,坊市界限被打破,商品经济繁荣,四川地区酒业经济随之发展。宋代四川地区榷酒制度大致有四大形式:一是宋初沿袭后蜀的榷曲制;二是买扑制,其中四川地区的军队买扑,始于绍兴年间,成为扑买酒坊的特殊主体之一;三是部分偏远地区实行的万户酒制度;四是南宋时政府掌管酒业产销的官榷酒制,尤其是因军费开支而新创的隔槽法。四川地区的酒监官呈逐渐减少的趋势,榷酒形式的复杂多变,以及政策形式上的相对宽松,究其原因在于南宋“守内防外”的基本国策。

Three years of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, the feudal official began to liquor monopoly and collect liquor tax.In the Song Dynasty, the boundaries of residential and commercial areas were broken, the commodity economy was prosperous, and the liquor industry economy in Sichuan area was developing. There were four forms of the system of liquor monopoly in Sichuan area in the Song Dynasty. One is the early Song Dynasty following the HouShu of the system of bargaining distiller’s yeast. Secondly, Competition system, especially the military Purchase in Sichuan area, began in Shaoxing years, become one of the special subjects of competition. Three is the Ten Thousand liquor system implemented in some remote areas of the Sichuan. Four is the liquor monopoly system in which the government controlled the production and marketing of the liquor industry in the Southern Song Dynasty, In particular, the new trough method was created due to military expenses.The trend of liquor supervisors in Sichuan area is gradually decreasing, showing the relatively loose policy of liquor discussion in Sichuan area, as well as the complex and changeable forms of wine discussion. The reason lies in the basic state policy of “guarding inside and outside” in the Southern Song Dynasty.