1960年以来中国国际移民的变迁——以移民存量与目的地为主的分析

The Changes of China’s International Migration since 1960:An Analysis of Migration Stock and Destination

论文利用世界银行全球双边迁移数据库和联合国全球迁移存量库,分析了从1960年到2020年中国国际移民存量和目的地的变化。研究显示,中国国际移民存量的变化经历了两个不同的阶段。国内外的双重因素共同塑造了中国国际移民在这60年间的时空变化。1960—1980年,中国国际移民存量缓慢下降,目的地以东亚和东南亚国家为主。1980年之后,中国国际移民存量迅速上升,主要目的地转移到欧美发达国家。移民的原因也更加多元化,更多的中国人向外迁移是为追寻更好的工作机会或通过留学提升自身人力资本的主动性国际迁移,内在的人口迁移机制发生了改变。当前,需要尽快做好国际移民信息采集、识别和管理工作,加强中国国际移民的相关研究。

Based on an analysis of the World Bank Global Bilateral Migration Database and the United Nations International Migration Stock Database,this paper looks into the trends of international migration from Chinese mainland between 1960 and 2020.From 1960 to 1980,the China’s migrants primarily went to East and Southeast Asian countries and Chinese migrants stock was low.Since the 1980s the total number of international migrants from China has increased significantly and developed countries in Europe and the United States have been the main destinations for Chinese migrants.The Chinese population may have been driven by some internal mechanism to move to other countries,which probably provide better opportunities for work or other advancements.The research concludes that at present it is urgent for China to collect its own data and improve its governance of Chinese international migration,meanwhile strengthening research on it.