老挝苗族华人社会身份的持续生成

Continuing the Hmong People’s Chinese Identity in Laos

论文梳理了苗族在老挝的本土化发展脉络,分析了他们为获取族群身份所经历的“国家化”和“社会化”过程,呈现了少数民族海外华人向国家靠拢和与社会接触的集体行动。苗族在近代自中国进入老挝生活,历经殖民政府、王国政府、共和政府等不同阶段后,最终被当局接纳并获得完全的法定身份。期间,他们从殖民经济走向市场经济,改变粗放游耕融入现代产业,走出山地跨向国外,逐步实现从“客民”向“国民”的转变。这一过程中,在老挝的苗族通过积极调节生存策略与国家互动构建了融入本土的行动秩序,并借助生计方式转型实现了阶段性社会整合,发展出适合自我族群的实践模式,表现出身份生成的持续性特征。

The Hmong people arrived in Laos from China in modern times.Having been governed by foreign colonizers,local monarchies and republicans,they eventually gained full legal status in the country.Throughout history,the Hmongs had adopted various survival strategies to interact with different Laos states,while transforming the Hmong economy from farming to industry and moving out from mountains to overseas.Although the Hmongs have been localized,they still maintain a distinct ethnic identity.The paper looks into the localization process of the Hmongs,in particular focusing on variations in people’s livelihood in association with their changing residential status in Laos.The Hmong experience-from being“guest people”to“nationals”-may depict a pattern encapsulating the adaption and integration of many other overseas Chinese communities into their host countries.