兼之非礼:天王归惠公仲子之赗--基于《公羊传》隐公元年的文本诠释与礼义阐发

Not in Line with Etiquette:The Funeral Gifts Sent by the King of Zhou to Duke Zhongzi of Hui--An Interpretation of Rites Based on the Text of the First Year of Yin Gong in Gongyang Biography

《春秋》有“王鲁”的旨意要求,隐公元年,周天子派遣使者来鲁国向已经下葬的惠公及其夫人仲子行赗礼,即赠送助主人送葬的用品。经文于不该称“天”的王者头上称了“天王”,于不该“归”的时点上“来归”,于不该连称的对象身上书若国君及其夫人,“使”“来”之辞皆有寓意。孔子既批评其“不及事”,又谴责其“兼之”,乃属于“非礼”之行。本文以该事件为中心,紧扣经、传、注、疏之文本,通过对《春秋》礼义的训诂和阐释,揭示孔子突破“外小恶不书”之体例而记录在册的目的就是要强调:新王大于时王,虚王高于实王,进而道统大于君统、道统高于政统的仁义法则。

The Spring and Autumn Annalshas the purport of“Wang Lu”. In the first year of the reign of Duke Yin, the Emperor of Zhou sent envoys to the State of Lu to make a funeral gift to the buried Duke Hui and his wife Zhong Zi, that is, to give the funeral supplies to help the host. The scriptures call the“King of Zhou”on the head of the king who should not be called“heaven”,“return”on the time point when it should not be“return”, and write the words“envoy”and“come”on the body of the king and his wife who should not be called consecutively. Confucius not only criticized him for being“inferior to things”, but also condemned him for being“both”, which was a kind of“disrespectful”behavior. Taking this event as the center, this paper closely follows the text of classics, biography, annotation and annotation, and through the exegesis and interpretation of the rites and principles of the Spring and Autumn Annals, reveals the purpose of Confucius breaking through the style of“outside small evil is not written”, and the purpose of the record is to emphasize the principle of benevolence and justice that the new king is greater than the time king, the virtual king is higher than the real king, and then the orthodoxy is greater than the monarchy, and the orthodoxy is higher than the political orthodoxy.