清初满洲社会所见汉籍与文化政策

Chinese Works and Culture Policies Seen in Manchuria Society during the Early Qing Dynasty

明末清初的女真社会包容多元文化,尤其极为重视汉文化,为治理政权和教育子弟广泛搜集各种典籍,诸如儒家经典、兵家圣典、佛典等。皇太极继位以后颁布了八旗子弟必须接受教育的法令,但官员对子弟的教育极为消极。为了彻底改变教育现状,臣下相继奏言要求整顿师资力量。随着后金势力范围的扩大和人才的充实,新文化势力进而承担了多元文化知识的传授。清朝入关前在满洲社会极力推行的文化政策,无疑是有清一代政权长久稳定发展的根基。

During the late Ming-early Qing Dynasties, inclusive Jurchen society was open to all kinds of cultures, especially Han culture. At that time, different kinds of works, like Confucian classics, military classics, Buddhist scripture, etc. were collected to govern the new state and educate the offspring of Jurchen. After Hong taiji took office, education policies were adopted to ask offspring of the Eight Banners to be educated. However, offspring of officers had a fairly negative attitude to the policies. In order to improve the education standards, officers successively advice to strengthen the teachers. With the Late Jin state showing more and more power in domain and talents, new cultures accordingly accepted the responsibility for imparting the multicultures. Before the Qing regime entering the Shanhaiguan Pass, it had strongly promoted the cultural policies, which absolutely laid the groundwork for the longevity of Qing’s government.