叶赫贝勒布扬古家族佐领承袭及宗族组织考察

On the Nirus’ Succession and Clan Organization of Yehe Beile Buyanggū’s Familiy

努尔哈赤攻灭叶赫部后,将叶赫西城布扬古贝勒的部众编立为两牛录并授予其家族,入清后逐渐发展为五牛录,领有包括女真(满洲)、蒙古、锡伯等在内的32个宗族之众。叶赫西城统治家族逐步丧失了对牛录/佐领的领有权而转为实际管理者,在佐领承袭过程中,其子孙为了取得袭职利益互相争讼,清廷亦借机扶弱抑强以平衡其不同家支的势力。叶赫部最终彻底融入八旗系统,其兴衰伴随着清朝八旗制度的发展完善与中央集权的日益强化,而其佐领下不同种属的族群,成为这一时期多民族交往、交流、交融的实践者与历史见证人。

After defeating the Yehe tribe, Nurgaci granted two nirus compiled by the surbordinate of Buyanggū Beile of the Western City of Yehe to his family. These two nirus gradually developed into five after entering the Qing Dynasty, with 32 clans including Jurchen(Manchu), Mongolian, Sibe, etc. The ruling family of Yehe lost the ownership of the nirus step by step and became the actual manager. In the process of the succession of the nirus, their descendants argued with each other for their own interests, and the Qing Court also took the opportunity to balance the forces of their different families. The Yehe tribe was finally fully integrated into the Eight Banners system. Its rise and fall were accompanied by the development and improvement of the Eight Banners system and the centralization of power in the Qing Dynasty. The ethnic groups of different species under the nirus became the practitioners and historical witnesses of the multiethnic exchanges, communication and integration during this period.