明清民国时期女性墓志铭的“纺”与“脱簪珥”书写研究--以山右女性墓志铭为中心

The Study on the Writing of“Spinning”and“Tuo Zan Er”in Female Epitaphs During the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Republic of China(1912-1949)Centered on Female Epitaphs in Shanxi

女性墓志铭的书写定式在明清时期已经形成。以男性为主导的撰写者们在追述不同女性人生的过程中,倾向于使用一些固定用语来建构符合社会期待的典范女性形象。在山右明清民国时期女性墓志铭中,较为广泛使用的是“纺”与“脱簪珥”两种用语,通过“纺”与“读”的文字共现隐喻女性墓主人的贤良和睿智,通过“脱簪珥”展现其慷慨、坚贞等美德。明清民国时期女性墓志铭中这些话语的广泛运用,反映了这一时期社会对于女性的评价标准,也体现了女性在个人财产支配和个人生活选择等层面的自主性。

The writing pattern of female epitaphs has been formed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Writers that were predominantly male tended to use some fixed terms to construct exemplary female images conformed to social expectations when narrating different women's lives.In the female epitaphs of Shanxi during the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Republic of China(1912-1949),the two terms"spinning"and"tuo zan er"were widely used.The coappearance of"spinning"and"reading"was used as a metaphor for the virtuous and wise qualities of women,and"tuo zan er"was used to show their virtues such as generosity and faithfulness.The widespread use of these words in female epitaphs during the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Republic of China(1912-1949)not only reflects the evaluation standard of the value of women in this period,but also reflects the autonomy of women in the aspects of personal property control and personal life choice.