孔子《诗》教视野下的“《诗》始《关雎》”及其阐释转向

From the Perspective of Confucius'Shijing-Civilization:“The Book of Songs Begins with‘Guan Ju’”and Its Turn of Interpretation

汉人的“《诗》始《关雎》”之说发端于孔子而形成了阐释的转向,从内在理路上看,恰恰是由孔子《诗》教的先天缺陷所导引的。孔子《诗》教以教育修身为起点、以礼乐教化为旨归,二者具有一体性;表现于《关雎》,无论在内容还是在音乐的展演上,都具有推广君子教化的典范性。孔子《诗》教无意中遮蔽和消解了其教育功能方面的《诗》教意涵,这引导了孔门后学及至汉儒释《诗》舍弃了教育修身的维度,而将“《诗》始关雎”的阐释完全转向“王教之端”的伦理化建构,最终形成了指向宫廷“后妃之德”和“夫妇人伦”的经典化意涵。

The Han Dynasty people's theory that“The Book of Songs begins with‘Guan Ju’”originated from Confucius and formed a turn of interpretation,which was precisely guided by the inherent defects of Confucius'Shijing-civilization.Confucius'Shijing-civilization took education to cultivate one's morality as the starting point and rites and music civilization as the goal,and the two were integrated.In“Guan Ju”,both in content and in music performance,it has a model of promoting gentleman education.Confucius'Shjing-civilization inadvertently obscured and dissolved its educational meaning,which led Confucius'successors and Han Confucian's interpretation of The Book of Songs to abandon the dimension of“taking education to cultivate one's morality”,completely transferred the interpretation of“The Book of Songs begins with‘Guan Ju’”to the ethical construction of“the beginning of imperial cultivation”,and finally,it formed the classic meaning of“the virtue of empresses”and“the relationship between husband and wife”.