论明人“曲统”建构及其散曲史影响

View upon the Qu's Orthodox Order Construction in the Ming Dynasty and Its Influence on the History of Sanqu

建构统序是完成文体经典化和作家经典化的重要手段,也是形成文学流派的重要途径。完整的文学统序应由文体统序与作家统序两部分构成。明代是“曲统”建构进程中的关键阶段,南北曲文体统序在明代先后建立。明中期散曲复盛,已具备构建作家统序的基本条件,但北方曲家普遍缺乏自觉的流派意识和统序意识;江南曲学家及曲作家又肆力于确立南曲曲体的正统性,元曲作家普遍无法成为“有效典范”,因此始终未产生成熟的“曲派”,散曲作家统序直至明末仍未建构完成。因缺乏统序的凝聚,清代亦未产生规模、影响较大的散曲创作流派,这加速了散曲的衰落。

The construction of the orthodox order is an important way to complete the literary classical style and the writer's classical style,and also an important way to form a literary school.The complete literary orthodox order should be made up of two parts:the orthodox order of stylistic and the orthodox order of writers.The Ming Dynasty was a key stage in the process of the formation of the orthodox order of Qu.The stylistic's orthodox order of North and South Qu were established successively in the Ming Dynasty.In the middle of the Ming Dynasty,Sanqu resumed its prosperity,and the basic conditions for establishing an orthodox order of writers had been met.However,the writers of Sanqu in the North generally lacked the conscious sense of genre and orthodox order;Jiangnan Sanqu writers were also trying their best to establish the orthodox of the South Qu.Generally speaking,the Sanqu writers of the Yuan Dynasty couldn't become an“effective model”,so there hadn't been a mature“Qu sect”.The orthodox order of Sanqu writers had not been constructed in Ming Dynasty.Due to the lack of the condensation of the orthodox order,the decline of Sanqu was accelerated in the absence of large-scale and influential Sanqu creation genre in the Qing Dynasty.