美国高校图书馆开放教科书服务探究

Research on the Service Strategy and Development Trend of American University Libraries’Open Textbooks

在美国,高昂的出版物价格严重影响了教育与社会公平,教材价格因素成为学生获取学业成功路上的重要障碍之一,可以在线免费获取的开放教科书成为商业教科书的替代品。为了保证所有的学生都能够负担得起高价教材的费用,美国推出了开放教科书试点项目并配套出台了相关法案。美国高校图书馆采取了“发放小额补助金”与“大学书店合作”两种策略激励和推行教科书的开放。高校图书馆开放教课书后确立了新的服务方向,设置了新的服务岗位,开创了新的服务方式。从“垂直”走向“水平”是美国高校图书馆开放教科书的发展动向。

In the United States,the high price of textbooks has seriously affected educational and social equity.The cost of teaching materials has become one of the important obstacles for students’academic success.Open textbooks,which are freely available online,are alternative to textbooks.The United States launched Affordable Course Content Initiatives,Open Textbook Pilot Grant Program and The Affordable College Textbook Act.American academic libraries adopt two approaches to encourage and promote the opening of textbooks.The first strategy is to award departmental faculty mini-grants to select materials that carry no costs to students.The second one is to work with the university bookstore to identify required texts that the library already owns or can purchase as e-books for unlimited simultaneous users.Academic libraries actively participate in opening up the textbook,establish new service direction,set up new service posts,and innovate new service methods.Transformation from vertical to horizontal is the developing trend of open textbooks in American academic libraries.