古书考辨的示范:顾颉刚《尧典》著作时代研究再探讨

A Model of Ancient Book Examination and Identification:A Re-examination of the Era of the Writings of"Yao Dian"by Gu Jiegang

《尧典》著作时代考辨是顾颉刚古书考辨的核心组成部分。经过长时期的深入研究,顾颉刚在《尧典著作时代考》中提出:“今本《尧典》作于汉武帝时”。顾颉刚之所以能够建立此说,不仅在于其受到了王充、王柏、康有为、梁启超、胡适、钱玄同等人关于《尧典》看法的启发,更在于其以“史料审定之法”对《尧典》进行了系统考辨。而通过对《尧典》著作时代的考辨,顾颉刚不仅初步实现了以《尧典》为首篇的《尚书》由经典到古文献汇编的转变,还建立了《尚书》著作时代考辨的新范式。

The examination of the era of the writings of the"Yao Dian"is the core component of Gu Jiegang’s examination of ancient books.After a long period of in-depth research,Gu Jiegang proposed that"the present version of the Yao Dian was written in the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty",in his"Examination of the Age of the Writings of Yao Dian".Gu was able to establish this theory not only because he was inspired by the views of Wang Chong,Wang Bai,Kang Youwei,Liang Qichao,Hu Shi,and Qian Xuantong on"Yao Dian",but also because he conducted a systematic examination of"Yao Dian"with the"method of historical verification".Through the examination of the era of the writings of"Yao Dian",Gu Jie Gang not only propelled the transformation of the Shang Shu from a classic to a compilation of ancient documents with"Yao Dian"as the first chapter,but also established a new paradigm for the examination of the era of the writings of the Shang Shu.