构建以人民为中心的家庭友好型社会——积极应对老龄化和超低生育率挑战

Building a People-centered Family-friendly Society:Active Response to the Challenges of Population Aging and Ultra-low Fertility

准确认识我国人口国情的基本特征,有助于落实以人民为中心的发展思想。文本基于第七次全国人口普查数据,对我国人口发展的新趋势、新特点以及对世界格局产生的影响进行分析。当前,我国人口国情与发展的主要特征表现为:人口基数大、人口众多的基本国情没有改变,但已进入人口零增长(小于2.0‰)和下降期;城镇人口基数大、增长快,从根本上改变了世界的城市化格局;劳动力资源和人力资源仍居世界首位,是基本实现社会主义现代化的资源优势;老龄化和超低生育率是当前和今后一个时期突出的基本国情。针对当前的人口问题,文本认为应全面构建家庭友好型社会,包括生育友好型、老年友好型和健康友好型家庭。建议优化生育政策,增强生育政策包容性;降低房价及居住成本;降低生育、养育和教育成本;为女性提供更多就业支持;鼓励并促进多代家庭就近居住;提高学前三年毛入园率,使其达到95%以上。

An accurate understanding of the basic characteristics of China’s population will help to implement a peoplecentered development ideology. Based on the seventh national census data, this article analyses the characteristics of the new trends in China’s population development and the impact on the world pattern. The main features of China’s current demographic development are that the basic national situation of a large population has not changed, but will enter a period of zero population growth(less than 2.0‰) and then of decline;the large and fast growing urban populations are fundamentally changing the world urbanization pattern;labor and human resources still rank first in the world and are advantageous resources for modernization;population ageing and ultra-low fertility rate are important basic national conditions for the present and future period. In response to the challenges of population ageing and low fertility trap, this paper proposes that the overall core idea is to build a familyfriendly society, including child-friendly, age-friendly and health-friendly families. The relevant recommendations are as follows :optimizing fertility policy and enhancing its inclusiveness;reducing the current exorbitant house prices;reducing the cost of childbirth, parenting and education;more employment support for women to promote family and work balance;encouraging and facilitating multi-generational families to live close to each other;achieving the gross pre-school enrolment rate over 95%.