熊十力的见体论

Xiong Shili's Theory of Experiencing the Noumenon

见体论是熊十力哲学中具有根本性的一个问题。“见体”包含两义:一指认识宇宙论的实体,二指体认心的本体。第一种意义为人们所熟知,但第二种意义更为重要。宇宙论上的见体,强调在变动中证见实体,即用见体。体认心的本体则意味着反诸己心而达到一种无分别的意识状态,体证到此心与天地万物为一体。见体的方法在于反心。见体之境是明觉自明自了、浑然一体、内外不分、能所不分,真理显现在当下眼前。要达至见体境地,必须有修行上的积累以逐渐破除虚妄知见而达到超理智的境地。当然见体只是儒家的工夫入手处而不是究竟,见体后还必须发起格物穷理的工夫。熊十力的见体论有别于外向的神秘体验,其意义可能不是认识论的,而在于坚定了世界观与人生观的转化与提升。

Experiencing the Noumenon is a fundamental issue in Xiong Shili's philosophy.The term“experiencing the noumenon”contains two meanings:knowing the cosmological entity and recognizing the essence of the Ben-Xin.In the sense of spiritual philosophy,the second meaning is more important.Knowing the cosmological entity is more of a philosophical wisdom,with which one can eliminate distinctions to prove the noumenon.Experiencing the noumenon means to turn inward and achieve a state of consciousness without distinction,to realize that this mind is one with all things in heaven and earth.The result achieved after experiencing the noumenon is mostly expressed by Xiong Shili as a“realm”(境地).The realm is the state of oneness achieved through the method of embodiment to eliminate distinctions and transcend all treatment.In order to reach the realm of experiencing the noumenon,one must accumulate practice to gradually reach the state of super wisdom.One of the main features of Confucianism is that experiencing the noumenon is the starting point of Kungfu(工夫)rather than the end,and one must also initiate the work of grasping the material and the rational after that.Xiong Shili's theory of Experiencing the Noumenon is different from the mystical experience of religion,and its significance may not be epistemological,but rather a firm transformation and elevation of the worldview and life view.