中国古代推类思维的基础、限度与严格性

The Foundation,Limitation and Strictness of Ancient Chinese Tuilei

推类思维的基础是古代观念中“生生”相继、从本源上感通一体的宇宙。推类思维的目的不是获得真值保证或建构知识体系,而是以万物相关性为前提,随境随需、推扩主体视域,在不可通约的差异性中以言、象、意、情等方法关联起原本分离的事物,开启意义解释的新向度,并推动伦理政治实践。推类思维的运用如果超出人伦领域而试图解释自然,其力量就会减弱;当其无限扩展,试图建构起完整而严格的世界图式时,就会出现胶固之论。推类思维的严格性并不体现为保障我们消除交流误解的方法论规则,而是达成情境或共在的一致性。主体间论辩的严格性,依托于历史流传物中的经典共象和宇宙一伦常秩序(天人)的共同视域才能够获得保证。在工具理性支配的今天,推类思维应当通过批判性考察在人伦生活中发挥重要作用。

The basis of Tuilei thinking is the succession of“Sheng-sheng”in the ancient concept,which can sense the integrated universe from the origin.The purpose of Tuilei is not to obtain the guarantee of truth value or construct the knowledge system,but to expand the subject's horizon on the premise of the correlation of all things,open a new dimension of meaning interpretation,and promote ethical and political practice.If the application of Tuilei goes beyond the field of human relations and tries to explain nature,its power will weaken.The strictness of Tuilei is not reflected in the methodological rules that ensure us to eliminate communication misunderstandings,but to achieve situational or common consistency.Today,dominated by instrumental rationality,Tuilei should play an important role in human relations life through critical examination.