诗骚传统的现代转型——以刘师培《南北文学不同论》为观察视角

Modern Transformation of the Shi and Chuci Traditions from the Perspective of Liu Shipei’s Nanbei Wenxue Butong Lun

传统论述中,诗骚被表述为一元的源流关系。时至近代,刘师培《南北文学不同论》从地理环境决定论出发搭建南北文学叙事脉络,推动了“诗骚源流”向“诗骚南北”的现代转型。诗骚传统的古今之变,折射出文明意义上的“中国”转向民族国家意义上的“中国”的时代变迁。诗骚从普遍性的价值标杆,转而作为南北两大地域文学传统的代表,呼唤起人们对于中国文学多元的“本土特色”的思考与体认。但刘师培在“分南北”的同时,以“宗北”方式保证北方作为华夏文明起源之地的正统性,从而在二元结构中保留了统一的价值标准,在以“文学”方式建立民族国家的时空想象时坚守某种价值秩序,其背后的问题意识仍然值得省思。

In traditional discourses,the Book of Songs and the Songs of Chu were considered as different phases of the same tradition.Liu Shipei’s Nanbei Wenxue Butong Lun,or On Literary Differences between the North and the South,points out the literary differences between the north and the south from the perspective of geographical determinism,and the Book of Songs and the Songs of Chu are thus understood as two different local traditions.This change reflects the transformation of the China as a civilization to the China as a nation-state.The Book of Songs and the Songs of Chu inspire people’s rethinking of the multi-dimensional nature of Chinese literature for the diverse local characteristics they represent.Be that as it may,Liu Shipei considers the northern tradition as the origin of Chinese civilization and the reason beyond such recognition is worth exploring.