关系性权力与亚太海洋安全合作“东盟中心地位”构建

Relational Power and the Construction of ASEAN Centrality in Asia-Pacific Maritime Cooperation

东盟中心地位实质上是弱国掌握强关系性权力,进而“反领导”强国的区域态势。关系性权力是指行为体互动过程中掌控与管理关系资源的能力,关系越强,则关系性权力越强。一般认为,关系强弱是按物质实力决定的,但弱关系(主体)未必有弱(关系性)权力。东盟利用其构建的区域关系网络掌控了强关系性权力,在区域合作中发挥中心性和主导性作用。亚太海洋安全合作实践是东盟利用其关系性权力优势构建中心地位的典型案例。通过制度设计、限制策略、互惠策略和规范建设四种实践路径,东盟实现了以东盟为中心的区域海洋安全合作架构的建立与运行。这一合作模式突破了霸权对区域的支配,实现了小国主导的区域海洋安全合作关系。但由于外部干涉和东盟自身的弱点,“东盟中心”区域架构仍存在一定的局限性和脆弱性。

Fundamentally,the concept of ASEAN Centrality involves a regional situation in which weak states leverage collective power attained through maintaining strong relationships with one another to “lead”great states.This relational power refers to the ability of actors to control and manage relational resources vis-à-vis the process of their interactions.The stronger the relationship,the stronger the relational power.ASEAN leverages the regional network of relationships that it has established as a source of power to occupy a central position within the region.Asia-Pacific maritime security cooperation is a classic example of how ASEAN uses its relational power advantage to construct a central position.Through the four practical pathways of institutional design,denial strategy,reciprocity and norm construction,ASEAN has established and operated a regional maritime security cooperation framework that places it at the center.This cooperation mode breaks down the assertion of any regional hegemonic domination and realizes a regional maritime security cooperation relationship which is lead by small countries.However,there are certain limits to “ASEAN Centrality,”which remains fragile.