技术性贸易壁垒、中间品进口与异质性企业生产率——来自我国加工贸易企业的微观证据

Technical Barriers to Trade,Intermediate Input Imports and Productivity of Heterogeneous Firms:Evidence from Chinese Processing Trade Firms

我国对加工贸易进口豁免关税而不豁免非关税壁垒。在国际产业分工深度调整和变革的背景下,全球价值链贸易发展促使中间品进出口往来大量增加,中间品进口遭遇的非关税壁垒对加工贸易企业的影响增大。统计结果显示,我国技术性贸易壁垒(Technical Barriers to Trade,TBT)主要分布于纺织服装、化纤制造、机械、机电与通信设备制造等重要的劳动密集型加工制造行业,并且不同产品间遭遇的TBT差异程度较大。通过交互匹配我国TBT数据、工业企业数据和海关产品进口数据,本文实证检验了我国加工贸易企业中间品进口遭遇的TBT对企业全要素生产率的影响。结果表明,我国设置的TBT通过提高进口中间品质量、扩大进口规模和来源地结构效应显著促进本土加工贸易企业生产率提升,并且对大型企业、外资企业、资本密集型、低污染以及东部地区加工贸易企业生产率提升的促进效应更大,此外该促进效应随着企业从事来料加工贸易份额减少而逐渐增强。本文补充了进口贸易政策影响加工贸易企业绩效的经验证据。

China’s imports under processing trade are exempt from tariffs but not from non-tariff barriers.With the deep adjustment and transformation of international industrial division,the development of global value chain trade has promoted rapid growth of intermediate products trade,which increases the impact of non-tariff barriers on the processing trade firms.Statistical results show that China’s technical barriers to trade(TBT) are mainly in textile and clothing,chemical fiber,machine,electromechanical and communication equipment manufacturing industries that are labor-intensive and have significant differences in TBT.By matching the data of TBT in China,industrial firms,and customs imports,this article empirically explores the impact of TBT of intermediate product imports in Chinese processing trade firms on the total factor productivity(TFP) of China’s firms.Results show a significant positive role of China’s TBT on the productivity of its processing trade firms via improving the quality,volume and origin structure of imported inputs,and this promoting effect of TBT on productivity is greater for large firms,foreign firms,the firms with high capital,low pollution or located in the eastern areas.Moreover,the decline in firms’ share of assembly processing enhances the productivity promotion effect.Our findings enrich the evidence on the influence of import trade policy on the performance of processing trade firms.