法人类学中的习惯:概念谱系与阐释范式

Custom in Legal Anthropology:Conceptual Genealogy and Interpretive Paradigm

习惯在中西古代文献中有着不同的表述及意义内涵。习惯与禁忌、法律等概念之间,既有紧密的意义关联,又有明显的意义差别。习惯的概念,随着法人类学研究方法、议题、旨趣的变化,经历了“原始性”“法律性”“规范性”“实践性”的意义变迁。习惯研究的功能主义、历史主义、规范主义为推进习惯的科学认知提供了不同的探索路径,但未能有效消除学界对习惯的认知分歧;习惯的情境主义阐释范式,一定程度上克服了传统阐释范式的缺陷,为习惯的科学认知提供了新的可能。

Custom has different expressions and meanings in ancient Chinese and Western documents.There is a close relationship among custom,taboo and law,and on the other hand an obvious difference in the meaning also exists.The concept of custom,with the change of the research methods and the issues and purports of legal anthropology,has experienced the change of the "primitive","legal"," normative" and "practical" meanings.Although the research on the functionalism,historicism and normalism of custom provides a variety of exploration paths for promoting the scientific cognition of custom,the cognitive divergences of custom are not eliminated effectively.The interpretative paradigm of situationism of custom can overcome the defects of traditional interpretative paradigms to some extent and provide new possibilities for the scientific cognition of custom.