基于动力吸振原理的低频多模态抑振器设计

Design of low-frequency multi-mode vibration suppressor based on dynamic vibration absorption principle

为实现结构低频振动控制,基于动力吸振(dynamic vibration absorber, DVA)原理设计了一种多模态抑振器。为研究吸振器阵列与抑振器阵列的抑振效果,建立了附加动力吸振器阵列四边简支板的动力学耦合模型,验证了动力吸振器阵列的振动控制效果;提出了以橡胶板-质量块、橡胶基体-金属柱壳为主要组成结构的多模态低频抑振器,从理论上计算了其各组成结构的轴向共振模态频率,并以动力吸振器参数为基准对抑振器几何参数和材料参数进行了调整,最终通过仿真和实验验证了抑振器阵列振动控制效果。结果表明:当吸振器阵列或抑振器阵列布置位置覆盖结构主要模态下最大变形位置时即可达到最佳控制效果;吸振器阵列与抑振器阵列均有一定的振动控制效果,与吸振器与受控对象间为点接触不同,面接触放大了阻尼在振动控制中的作用,因此抑振器阵列的振动控制效果更为明显。

Here, to realize low frequency vibration control of structures, a multi-mode vibration suppressor was designed based on the principle of dynamic vibration absorption. In order to study the vibration suppression effect of vibration absorber array and vibration suppressor array, a dynamic coupling model of a four-side simply supported plate with additional dynamic vibration absorber array was established, and the vibration control effect of dynamic vibration absorber array was verified. A multi-mode low-frequency vibration suppressor with rubber plate-mass block and rubber base-metal cylindrical shell as main components was proposed. Axial resonant modal frequencies of the suppressor’s various components were calculated theoretically, and geometric parameters and material parameters of the suppressor were adjusted based on parameters of dynamic vibration absorber. Finally, the vibration control effect of vibration suppressor array was verified through simulation and tests. The results showed that the optimal control effect can be achieved when positioning of vibration absorber array or vibration suppressor array covers the maximum deformation position of main modes of the structure;both vibration absorber array and vibration suppressor array have a certain vibration control effect;being different from point contact between vibration absorber and the controlled object, surface contact amplifies the action of damping in vibration control, so the vibration control effect of vibration suppressor array is more obvious.