电视语言“播”“说”“聊”音色差异的实验调查与修辞学思考

Experimental Investigation and Rhetorical Discussion of the Timbre Differences Between “Broadcasting”, “Talking” and “Chatting” in TV Language

本文采用实验语音学方法,主要调查共振峰频率,考察电视语言“播”“说”“聊”音色的数据差异,从实验层面探究三者的心理距离及其内在规律。论文考察同一发音人的三类材料,发现“播”“说”“聊”的音色呈现连续性渐变,开口度依次加大,舌位逐渐降低、靠后,说话人放松程度递增,交际距离逐渐拉近。数据规律主要是:1) F1均值递升,F2均值递降,F3无明显规律,三者的最大值、最小值、动态范围无明显规律;2) F1、F2标准差为型(Type)递升、例(Token)递降。最后,结合实验结果提出相关的修辞学思考。

On the basis of formant frequency, this paper discusses the timbre differences and communication distance between “broadcasting”, “talking” and “chatting” in TV language by means of experimental phonetics. The paper investigates three groups of TV phonetic materials pronounced by the same speaker, and finds that the timbre of “broadcasting”, “talking” and “chatting” presents a continuous gradient, i.e., the mouth opening degree increases, the tongue position decreases and falls back, the speaker’s relaxation degree increases, and the communication distance is getting closer. The trends displayed by the data are as follows. First, the mean of F1 is ascending, the mean of F2 is descending, the mean of F3 is irregular, and the maximum, minimum and range of F1, F2 and F3 are irregular. Second, the changes of the SD of F1 and F2 have two sides, i.e. the SD of syllables’ token is descending, the SD of syllables’ type is ascending. Finally, the paper ends with some relevant rhetorical rules.