活在系统之外:县域手艺人的非数字化营生

Living Outside the System:Non-digital Livelihood of County Artisans

近年来,数字技术带来了人的数字化生存,接入数字平台已经成为一种生活常态。不可否认,数字技术给我们的生活带来了翻天覆地的影响,虽然数字化生存的发展是当下的趋势,但并不是唯一的生存方式。对于50后、60后县域手艺人,数字平台的发展并没有吸引他们的加入,而是以主动放弃的方式上演了一种活在系统之外的另类生存方式。研究从县域手艺人的生命历程出发,采用了生活史访谈和参与式观察的方法,尝试提出“非数字化营生”这一概念来理解县域手艺人的日常生活实践。研究发现,理发作为一项手艺活,必须依靠线下的操作才能完成,接入数字平台虽然会收获一定的曝光率,但是县域传统手艺人对数字平台的介入仍采取拒绝接入的态度,这当中不仅有个体社会资本和手艺资本的助推,还有县域环境以及人口结构特征的影响。因此,县域“非数字化营生”的出现是手艺人凭借社会资本和手艺资本对抗数字资本的景观,但是,这种营生方式最终会随着世代的发展以及数字化技术对于消费惯习的重塑而退场。

In recent years,digital technology has brought people’s digital survival,and access to digital platforms has become a normal life. It is undeniable that digital technology has brought earth-shaking impact on our lives. Although the development of digital survival is the current trend,it is not the only way of survival. For the county artisans after the 1950s and 1960s,the development of the digital platform did not attract them to join,but staged an alternative way of living outside the system by giving up voluntarily. Starting from the life course of county craftsmen,the research adopts the methods of life history interview and participatory observation,and tries to put forward the concept of“non-digital livelihood”to understand the daily life practice of county craftsmen. The study found that barber,as a craft,must rely on offline operations to complete. Although access to the digital platform will gain some exposure,traditional artisans in the county still refuse to access the digital platform,which is not only boosted by individual social capital and technological capital,but also affected by the county environment and demographic characteristics. Therefore,the emergence of“non-digital livelihood”in the county is a landscape where artisans rely on social capital and technological capital to fight against digital capital. However,this way of livelihood will eventually exit with the development of generations and the reshaping of consumption habits by digital technology.