中国北方涡旋纹岩画的图像学研究

An Iconographical Study on Rock Art of Spiral Pattern in Nortern China

岩画符号系统中,涡旋纹与同心圆重圈纹常会被相提并论,其实这两种符号不仅造型概念有别,图像原型也有所区别,因而在研究上应当区别对待。就数量与分布而言,涡旋纹远不如重圈纹在北方岩画分布中那样具有普遍性,却集中出现于两地,一是内蒙古东部的赤峰岩画区,二是宁夏中部黄河东岸的灵武岩画区,后者是北方岩画涡旋纹符号最为集中与发达的区域。宁夏灵武涡旋纹岩画非常具有代表性。灵武涡旋纹岩画在贺兰山岩画系统中更清晰地反映了与黄河的特殊关系,是整个北方岩画系统中凝聚着黄河古代文化色彩的一个集生存与宗教祭祀为一体的古代图像志资料。

In the symbol system of rock art,spiral pattern and concentric circle pattern are often mentioned in the same breath. In fact,the two symbols not only have different modeling concepts,but also their image prototypes should be different,which should be treated differently in research. In terms of quantity and distribution,spiral pattern are far less common than double circle patterns in the petroglyphs of Chinese Northern,but they are concentrated in two places:firstly,Chifeng area in eastern Inner Mongolia;secondly,Lingwu area on the east bank of the Yellow River in central Ningxia;the latter is the most concentrated and developed area of spiral symbols in northern rock arts. Starting from the image types,combination relations and statistical analysis of data of Lingwu spiral pattern,this paper believes that spiral pattern in Lingwu,which are belong to the rock art system of the Helan Mountain,may be more clearly reflect the special relationship with the Yellow River,and which is a collection of economic livelihood and religious sacrifice of ancient image records of the Yellow River in the whole northern rock painting system.