随机产出下考虑小微供应商成本利润率的供应链决策研究

Research on Supply Chain Decisions Consider Micro-sized Supplier’s Profit Rate of Cost under Random Yield

小微型供应商由于产能、资金等限制,其目标可能是实现成本利润率最优,从而提高企业生存能力。基于该观察,区别于多数文献采用利润最优决策准则,本文研究由小微供应商和零售商组成的单周期供应链决策问题。小微供应商面临产出随机风险,以成本利润率最大为目标进行产能决策,零售商以利润最大为目标确定最优订购量。研究发现小微供应商的成本利润率受到自身成本偏重系数以及零售商盈利能力的共同影响,将出现亏损、合理盈利、超额盈利三种情况。并且,零售商采取不同订货策略也会对小微供应商盈利情况产生差异影响。保守(积极)订货策略下,零售商是否盈利取决于自身单位净利润能否弥补单位缺货损失(自身可盈利空间)。本文研究融合现实普遍存在的产出随机问题,为小微供应商和其他供应链成员的产能/订购决策问题提供有益的管理启示。

Due to the limitation of production capacity and capital,the goal of small and micro suppliers may be to achieve the optimal profit rate of cost,so as to improve their viability.Differs from previous studies,this paper studies the decision-making problems for a single-period supply chain consisting of a micro-sized supplier and a retailer.Faced with risk of random yield,the micro-sized supplier make capacity decisions with the goal of profit rate of cost maximization.And the retailer determines the optimal order quantity based on profit maximization.We find that the micro-sized supplier’s profit rate of cost is affected by the cost weight coefficient of its own unit production cost and unit shortage cost,as well as the retailer’s profitability.There will be three situations for the micro-sized supplier:loss,reasonable profit and excess profit.Moreover,the retailer adopts different ordering strategies can also have different impacts on the micro-sized supplier’s profitability.Under the conservative(active)ordering strategy,whether the retailer have a profit depends mainly on whether its unit net profit can make up for the unit shortage loss(related to its profit margin).This paper provides useful management insights for micro-sized suppliers and other supply chain members in capacity/order decision-making.