中国居民健康持续改善的民生激励研究

Study on People’s Livelihood Incentives for Continuous Improvement of Chinese Residents’Health

过去20多年,中国居民健康状况得到持续改善,现有文献主要强调医疗技术进步、经济发展和资源配置等成因。而民生激励是一个重要视角,地方政府因贯彻中央要求而产生的民生激励是中国居民健康持续改善的重要成因。首先,文章从理论上证明在其他条件不变的情况下,地方政府面临民生激励时居民健康改善的效应,明显大于其仅面临经济激励时的效应,揭示了当地方政府偏好于民生激励时,实际上大大增强了经济增长对居民健康的正向影响作用。其次,运用省级面板数据进行固定效应回归表明,居民健康的民生激励假说成立。再次,运用跨国样本进行合成控制法检验表明,民生激励对中国居民健康水平的改善产生了显著的整体影响。研究结论揭示,2003年前后地方政府产生的民生激励,是解释中国居民健康持续改善的一个重要视角,并且该模式在党的十八大特别是十九大提出健康中国战略之后得到进一步强化和升华。

Over the past 20 years,the health status of Chinese residents has been continuously improved.The existing literature mainly emphasizes the causes of medical technology advancement,economic development and resource allocation.The study found that the people’s livelihood incentive is an important clue.The continuous improvement of the health status of Chinese residents is an interpretable result of the local government’s livelihood incentives.First,theoretically,it is proved that the coefficient of economic growth affecting residents’health when the local government is faced with incentives for people’s livelihood is significantly larger than the corresponding coefficient when it only faces economic incentives under other conditions remaining unchanged.It is revealed that when the local government’s preference generates people’s livelihood incentives,it actually greatly enhances the positive effect of economic growth on residents’health.Second,the fixed-effect regression using provincial panel data shows that the livelihood incentive hypothesis that regional economic growth affects residents’health is established.Thirdly,the synthetic control method test using multinational samples reveals that the livelihood incentives have a significant overall impact on the improvement of the health level of Chinese residents.The conclusion of the study means that the livelihood incentives generated by local governments around 2003 are an important clue to explain the positive relationship between China’s economic growth and residents’health,and this model has been further strengthened after the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,especially the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China when the Healthy China Strategy was proposed.