困境根源与因应策略:社工机构能力嵌入视阈下的城市居家养老空间重构——基于武汉市、合肥市的多案例考察

Root Causes of Difficulties and Coping Strategies:Spatial Reconstruction of Urban Home-Based Elderly Care from the Perspective of Social Worker Institutional Competence Embedding

离职后的城市老年人经历了生活空间的转换,尽管新生活空间内存在各种服务支持,但不少老年人的生活质量仍然处于较低水平。基于武汉市、合肥市社工机构的多案例研究发现,提升老年生活质量的核心在于重构居家养老多维空间,进而厘清居家养老服务功能与定位,整合完善碎片化的居家养老服务内容。但目前制度和服务资源的缺位成为多维空间重构的现实制约。进一步研究发现,专业社工机构凭借其具有独特优势的专业性和灵活性,能够通过调动自身多维角色链接多元主体资源,帮助实现居家养老多维空间的转换。然而,目前大多数社工机构的现实能力尚不足以应对这一空间重构的内在诉求,其根源在于制度性权力压迫、法制化机制缺位、社会认知偏颇及机构“工具理性”抉择等,要求通过价值认知、主体关系、制度规范及组织优势四方面重建应对上述问题。

The urban elderly after leaving their jobs have experienced the transformation of living space.Although there are various service supports in the new living space,the quality of life of many elderly people is still at a low level.Based on the multiple case studies of social work institutions in Wuhan and Hefei,it is found that the core to improve the quality of life of the elderly is to reconstruct the multi-dimensional space of home-based elderly care,further clarify the functions and positioning of home-based elderly care services,and integrate and improve fragmented home-based elderly care services.However,the absence of system and service resources has become a realistic constraint to the multi-dimensional space reconstruction.Further research found that professional social work institutions,with their unique advantages of professionalism and flexibility,can link multiple subject resources by mobilizing their multi-dimensional roles to help realize the transformation of multi-dimensional space for home-based elderly care.However,at present,the practical ability of most social work institutions is not enough to cope with the internal demands of this space reconstruction.Its root lies in the oppression of institutional power,the absence of legal mechanism,social cognitive bias and the institution’s“tool rationality”choice.It is required to cope with the above problems through the reconstruction of value cognition,subject relationship,institutional norms and organizational advantages.