中国新生儿科护士实施早产儿发育支持护理的现状调查

Investigation on Preterm Infant Developmental Supportive Care Implementation Status Among Neonatal Nurses in China

目的 调查我国新生儿科护士实施早产儿发育支持护理(DSC)现状,分析其相关影响因素。方法通过便利抽样,于2020年7—8月向全国26个省、市、自治区117家医院的1742名新生儿科护士发放问卷,采用发展性照护自评量表进行调查。结果 新生儿科护士发展性照护总体实施良好率为29.63%。各维度自评得分由高到低依次为:个性化婴儿照护、为婴儿和家庭提供适宜发育性环境、与其他照护者的合作、以家庭为中心的护理。影响新生儿科护士实施DSC的因素包括地域分布、职称、工作轮班制、参加DSC相关培训、个人态度、个人认知、医院/科室态度和医生态度。结论 当前我国医疗机构新生儿科护士实施早产儿DSC处于中下水平,应加强人员培训及科室配置建设,构建入院-住院-出院-出院后的早产儿全程管理多学科团队,深化以家庭为中心的护理,为早产儿提供连续的、个性化的高质量DSC。

Objective To investigate the status of Developmental Supportive Care(DSC) for preterm infants among nurses of neonatal departments in China and analyze its influencing factors. Methods A convenience sample of 1 742nurses from neonatal departments of 117 hospitals in 26 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions of China were recruited into this study from July to August 2020. The Developmental Care Self-Assessment was used for the survey. Results The overall standard-reaching rate of DSC self-assessment was 29.63%. From high to low,the self-assessment scores of each standard were the infant receives individualized care,a developmentally appropriate environment is provided for every infant and family,all caregivers practice collaboratively,and family-centered care is supported from birth. Geographical distribution,professional title,work shift system,attending DSC-related trainings,nurse’s attitude,nurse’s cognition,hospital/department’s attitude and doctor’s attitude were factors influencing DSC implementation among neonatal nurses. Conclusion The implementation of DSC for preterm infants among nurses of neonatal departments in China is at a low level. Continuous,personalized and highquality DSC should be provided for preterm infants by strengthening personnel training and construction of neonatal departments,establishing multidisciplinary teams for whole-process(admission-hospitalization-discharge-after discharge) management of preterm infants,and deepening family-centered care.