点击化学和生物正交化学中的化学基础概念和前沿思想——2022年诺贝尔化学奖浅析

Basics and Frontiers of Click Chemistry and Bioorthogonal Chemistry:A Brief Introduction to 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry

2022年诺贝尔化学奖授予了Carolyn R.Bertozzi、Morten Meldal和K.Barry Sharpless三位科学家,以表彰他们开创了点击化学和生物正交化学。点击化学源于对有机合成方法学的改进,提供了一种在温和条件下高效快速地偶联化学分子的新方法。生物正交化学的开发则起始于生命体系中糖质生物大分子的特异性标记和成像,发展出一类不干扰生命体系且不受生命体系干扰的连接反应。二者殊途同归、异曲同工,成为了在化学、生物医药和材料科学等领域中应用最为广泛的一类化学反应。本文从点击化学与生物正交化学开发中所涉及的化学基础概念出发,对这两种方法的前沿思想进行简要探讨。

The 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Carolyn R.Bertozzi,Morten Meldal,and K.Barry Sharpless,for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry.Stemming from the advances on the methodology of organic synthesis,click chemistry provides a versatile tool for coupling molecules with high efficiency under mild conditions.Orignially developed for specific labeling and visualization of glycans–an important biomacromolecule in living systems–bioorthogonal chemistry is a class of ligation reactions which neither interfere with nor being interfered by the surrounding biological milieu.Click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry are interconnected through similar philosophy and have emerged as the most useful chemical reactions in chemistry,biomedicine,and material science.Here,we briefly introduce the fundamental concepts and frontiers related to click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry.