从学科发展史设计周环反应的课堂教学

Designing a Classroom Teaching Methodology for Pericyclic Reactions Based on Discipline Development History

在有机化学教学内容中,周环反应不介绍官能团的性质,内容相对独立,理论性强,突出从分子轨道空间排布阐述有机反应的机理。尤其量子力学理论的引入,使周环反应的结果能够被合理“预测”,这对于有针对性地设计化合物的合成路线很有指导意义。但是,抽象、枯燥的理论使教学难度增加,同时引发学生对于本章内容在学科应用中如何定位的困惑。本文探讨了在教学中,如何聚焦基本知识点,对周环反应理论进行简化处理,采用周环反应研究史中经典的福井谦一的理论萌芽与发展,以及Dewar苯衍生物、维生素B12片段的合成等实践案例,丰富教学内容,激发学生内在的学习兴趣,培养学生立足实践,推进理论思考与创新,同时培养学生对学科发展规律的辩证认识。

In the teaching of organic chemistry,the pericyclic reaction involves learning a large amount of theory,with a focus on explaining the reaction mechanisms in terms of molecular orbitals,apart from analyzing functional groups.The use of quantum mechanics to explain the pericyclic reaction is helpful as it can predict the products and design the synthetic route.However,classroom teaching can face immense challenges in this regard,due to the abstract theory and confusing application prospects of quantum mechanics.This article attempts to rationally simplify the complex principle of the pericyclic reaction and elucidate it from the point of view of synthesis applications.Classic cases of scientific practice in teaching,such as Fukui’s observation and prediction,Dewar-benzene conversion,and VB12 synthesis are discussed.This methodology would not only enable students to understand basic principles in depth,but also cultivate in them a scientific and systematic thinking approach to solve complex problems.