无偿献血者接种新冠疫苗后特异性抗体及中和抗体变化研究

Changes of specific antibody and neutralizing antibody after voluntary blood donors received COVID-19 vaccine

目的 分析无偿献血者人群接种新冠疫苗后所产生抗体滴度变化情况,为健康人群的献血策略、后续疫苗研发及新冠防治提供依据。方法 1)收集无偿献血者(共55人,其中接种灭活疫苗22人,接种重组蛋白疫苗33人)接种完全程的新冠疫苗后2周、4周、8周、12周、16周、20周血清,进行SARS-CoV-2总抗体(IgG+IgM+IgA)检测(胶体金法)及中和抗体检测(上转免疫发光法);2)将所得数据按照采集时间、年龄、性别分组,用Graphpad 8.0统计学软件进行t检验及方差分析研究各组之间的差异性,明确总抗体和中和抗体变化趋势。结果 接种新冠灭活疫苗或新冠重组疫苗的无偿献血者所产生的中和抗体及总抗体(IgG+IgM+IgA)具有相同的变化趋势,中和抗体及总抗体(IgG+IgM+IgA)分别在接种后第2、第4周达到峰值,后均逐渐下降,但接种重组蛋白疫苗所产生的抗体相较灭活疫苗具有更高的滴度,且下降速度缓慢、具有更持久的保护力。此外,不同性别和不同年龄之间产生的中和抗体及总抗体(IgG+IgM+IgA)均不具有统计学差异。结论 接种疫苗后第2周,中和抗体达到高峰,第4周总抗体滴度达到高峰,且基本不受年龄及性别影响。无偿献血者人群在接种新冠疫苗后可按《关于印发血站新冠肺炎疫情常态化防控工作指引的通知》[1]中,对接种新冠疫苗后续的献血时间做出最新规定的间隔期正常献血。

Objective To analyze the changes in antibody titer of voluntary blood donors after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, so as to provide reference for blood donation strategy, follow-up vaccine development and COVID-19 prevention and treatment for healthy people. Methods 1) The serum from voluntary blood donors 2, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks after inoculation with two-shot vaccines(inactivated vaccine or recombinant protein vaccine) was collected, and SARS-CoV-2 total antibody(IgG+IgM+IgA) detection(colloidal gold method) and neutralizing antibody detection(UPT immunoluminescence method) were conducted. 2) The obtained data were grouped according to collection time, age and gender, and differences between groups were analyzed by t test and ANOVA using SPSS 2.0 statistical software to clarify the trend of total antibodies and neutralizing antibodies. Results Neutralizing antibodies and total antibodies(IgG+ IgM+ IgA) from voluntary blood donors vaccinated inactivated vaccine or recombinant vaccine had the same trend of change, both reached their peak at the 2nd and 4th week, respectively, after inoculation, and then decreased gradually. The antibody produced by the recombinant protein vaccine had a higher titer than that from inactivated vaccine, and had slower decline and more lasting protection. The neutralizing antibody and total antibody(IgG+IgM+IgA) from different genders and ages were not statistically different. Conclusion Neutralizing antibodies reached its peak in the second week after vaccination, and total antibody titer reached its peak in the fourth week;both were independent of age and gender. After receiving the vaccine, voluntary blood donors should follow the latest instructions on blood donation intervals issued by the government.