不可让渡领属关系与双名词结构

Inalienable Possessions and Double Nominative Constructions in Chinese

过去把构式定义为形式-意义配对,暗示了形式与意义的一一对应,但事实上构式如同词汇一样,形式与意义是一对多对应。文章考察了不可让渡领属关系(语义)与双名词结构(形式)之间的关系,发现从“语义→形式”的角度来看,不可让渡领属关系可以通过双名词结构(N1+N2+动词)、非常规及物结构(N1+动词+N2)和“的”字领属结构(N1+的+N2+动词)得到表达,其中双名词结构的标记性最低。从“形式→语义”的角度来看,双名词结构在表达不可让渡领属关系之外,还可以表达时空关系、施受关系和路径关系等。

Constructions used to be defined as form-meaning pairs,implying a one-to-one correspondence between form and meaning,but in fact constructions,like lexical items,have a one-to-many correspondence between form and meaning.The article examines the relationship between inalienable possessions(meaning)and double nominative constructions(form)and finds that,onomasiologically,inalienable possessions can be expressed through double nominative constructions(N1+N2+VERB),atypical transitive constructions(N1+VERB+N2)and De(的)possessive constructions(N1+De(的)+N2+VERB),with the double nominative constructions being the least marked.Semasiologically,the double nominative constructions can express not only inalienable possessions,but also spatio-temporal relations,relations of agent and patient,and path relations.