优化施肥效应模型对佛手产量和品质的影响

Optimum Effect Model of Fertilizer Impact on the Yield and Quality of Citrus medica‘Fingered’

本研究以适宜在万州种植的佛手为研究对象,采用“3414”不完全区组正交设计的N、P、K三因子施肥试验,选取最优施肥效应模型进行验证,并以佛手的单果干重和橙皮苷含量为指标进行统计分析。结果表明:N、P、K肥对佛手单果干重和佛手中橙皮苷含量有影响,在不同施肥处理中N2P2K2(N为40 g/株、P为40 g/株、K为45 g/株)的处理效果最佳,不施或者少施肥均不同程度导致万州佛手的品质下降;单因子效应分析表明,随着氮、磷和钾施肥量的提高,佛手单果干重和橙皮苷含量呈先升后降的趋势;双因素交互效应分析表明,当N、P、K肥任一因素处于2水平时,随着另外2个因素施肥量的增加,佛手单果干重和橙皮苷含量均表现为先增加后减少的趋势,说明任意2个因素在一定范围内存在着相互作用,N、P、K三因子中两因子存在着交互效应,对万州种植佛手产量和橙皮苷的含量有一定影响;施肥模型优化结果表明,万州佛手栽培N、P、K肥的最佳施用量分别为38.78~51.25、35.67~42.35、48.17~60.37 g/株。在最优施肥效应模型中间值条件下验证实验,结果显示佛手单果干重产量较“3414”组的最高组高出8.14%,橙皮苷含量较“3414”的最高组高出1.94%。说明最优配方施肥模型合理,这对佛手的大田栽培具有一定的实践指导作用。

In this paper,a 3-factor fertilization experiment with N,P and K in an incomplete orthogonal design of“3414”was conducted to validate the optimal fertilization effect model,and the dry weight of single fruit and hesperidin content of Citrus medica‘Fingered’(CM)were used as the indicators for statistical analysis.The results showed that nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers had effects on the dry weight of single fruit and hesperidin content in CM and N2P2K2(40g/plant for N,40g/plant for P and 45g/plant for K)had the best effect among the different fertilization treatments,and no or less fertilization led to the decrease of quality of CM in Wanzhou to different degrees.The two-factor interaction analysis showed that when any of the N,P and K fertilizers were at the level of 2,with the increase of the other two factors,the single fruit dry weight and hesperidin content of CM showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing,indicating that any two factors interacted with each other within a certain range,and two of the N,P and K factors had an interaction effect.The optimization results of the fertilization model indicated that the suitable fertilization rates of N,P and K for cultivation of CM in Wanzhou ranged from 38.78 g to 51.25 g per plant,35.67 g to42.35 g per plant and 48.17 g to 60.37 g per plant,respectively.The results of the validation experiments under the intermediate conditions of the optimal fertilizer application effect model showed that the dry weight yield of single fruit of CM was 8.14%higher than that of the highest group of“3414”,and the hesperidin content was 1.94%higher than that of the highest group of“3414”.This indicates that the optimal formulation fertilization model is reasonable which has some practical guidance for the field cultivation of C.Sarcodactylis Fructus.