遮穗和去颖下燕麦穗部特征变化和穗部光合贡献率估算

Variation in ear characteristics and estimation of photosynthetic contributions to oat ear development using techniques of ear shading and glume removal

随着探索提高植物整体光合能力相关研究的不断开展,麦类作物穗部器官等植物非叶绿色器官光合潜力挖掘逐渐得到关注。本研究在成都平原秋播美达、贝勒、莫尼卡、摄政王、泰克和甜燕60等6个品种燕麦,设置遮穗、去颖2个试验处理,比较分析了各品种间穗部特征、穗部光合贡献率、颖片光合贡献率和茎光合物质转移率等差异。结果表明,燕麦穗部器官光合贡献率为28.56%~49.05%,其中甜燕60最高;6个品种燕麦的颖片光合贡献率为11.03%~36.88%,茎光合物质转移率为6.65%~35.81%。燕麦穗部器官对籽实增重表现了较高的光合贡献,当燕麦穗部器官光合受到限制时,燕麦单粒种子重和单穗种子数显著降低,尤其是影响双粒小穗数。

Exploiting photosynthetic capacity of non-leaf organs such as the ear in cereals has received investigative attention,as the method of improving the whole photosynthetic capacity of crops has been investigated.In this study,six oat(Avena sativa)cultivars(Meida,Beile,Monika,Shezhengwang,Taike and Tianyan 60)were sown in Chengdu Plain in autumn.Two experimental treatments were set up,ear shading and glume removal,to compare the differences in ear characteristics,ear photosynthetic contribution rate,glume photosynthetic contribution and photosynthetic matter transfer rate in stem in the six oat varieties.It was found that the photosynthetic contribution of the ear to grain fill in the six oat varieties ranged from 28.56%-49.05% and Tianyan 60(T60)had the highest contribution rate.The photosynthetic contribution of glumes ranged from 11.03%-36.88% and contribution of stored photosynthetic matter translocated from stems ranged from 6.65%-35.81%.The ear made the major photosynthetic contribution to grain fill.When ear photosynthesis was limited,the single seed weight and the seed numbers per ear were significantly decreased,especially the number of double seed spikelets.