植物外向整流K^(+)通道SKOR研究进展

Research progress relating to stelar K^(+) outward rectifier(SKOR)channels in plants

维持K^(+)稳态是植物抵御非生物胁迫的重要策略之一。外向整流K^(+)通道(stelar K^(+)outward rectifier,SKOR)是一类定位于植物根中柱细胞质膜的K^(+)外向整流通道。该通道介导细胞质K^(+)外流以及木质部K^(+)装载,一方面可以调节细胞内K^(+)稳态,另一方面通过控制木质部K^(+)流以维持植物根部和地上部的K^(+)平衡,在植物响应盐胁迫、干旱胁迫、营养胁迫等过程中起着决定性作用。因此,对SKOR功能、调控的研究及其应用对作物生产和抗逆性增强有着重要的意义。对SKOR的发现、结构与分类、表达调控、生物学功能及其非生物胁迫响应等方面的研究成果加以综述,并对该通道未来研究方向进行了展望,以期为农作物品质和抗逆性的遗传改良提供理论依据和基因资源。

Maintaining K^(+)homeostasis is one of important physiological component processes in plant resistance to abiotic stress.Stelar K^(+)outward rectifier(SKOR)is one of the outward rectifier K^(+)channels located in the plasma membrane of pericycle cells in plant roots.This channel is involved in mediating K^(+)efflux from cytoplasm and K^(+)loading in xylem.On the one hand,SKOR regulates intracellular K^(+)homeostasis;while on the other hand,it maintains the K^(+)balance between root and shoot by controlling K^(+)flow in xylem.SKOR plays a crucial role in plant response to salt,drought and nutrient deficiency.Therefore,research into SKOR function and regulation and its application is of great significance for crop production and stress resistance enhancement.In this study,the discovery,structure,nomenclature,biological function,gene expression regulation,and response to abiotic stresses of the SKOR family are reviewed,and directions for future research into functioning of this channel are proposed.This review contributes theoretical understanding and knowledge of gene resources for the genetic improvement of crop quality and stress resistance.