文艺大众化的中国经验与现代文艺观念的再反思

The Chinese Experience of Orienting Literature and Art toward the Masses and the Rethinking of Modern Concepts of Literature and Art

文艺大众化是与中国现代社会变革密切相关的独特现象,其理论与实践成为一种中国经验。文艺大众化熔铸了不同于西方个人启蒙文化的中国精神,立足于中国社会现实,蕴含着民族国家建构的自主性,反思了自律艺术体制,重建了文艺与社会实践的关系。文艺大众化是实现文艺人民性的过程与手段,质疑了文艺的精英化与将创作者视为特殊人群的观念。不同于静观美学,文艺大众化突出深入生活与身体实践的重要性,在知识分子与大众的互动中,使对大众的“代言”走向知识分子的“自言”,为解决知识分子“代言”大众的难题提供了理论方案。在文艺的民族形式利用上,文艺大众化表现为从书面文化向活态文化的转变,在美学效果与文艺评价机制上摆脱了“作品中心主义”。通过重建写作、社会与大众的关系,文艺大众化系统性反思了现代文艺观念。

The pursuit of mass style of literature and art is a unique phenomenon closely related to the transformation of modern Chinese society,and its theory and practice have become Chinese experience.Unlike the Western culture of individual enlightenment,the mass orientation of literature and art in China has molded the Chinese spirit.It stands on the reality of Chinese society,implies the autonomy of nation-state construction,reflects on the self-regulation of art,and reconstructs the relationship between literature and art and social practice.The mass style of literature and art represents a process and means of realizing an affinity to the people of literature and art,challenging the notion of elitism and treating creators as a special group.Unlike static aesthetics,the mass style of literature and art empathizes the importance of going deeply into life and practice.Through the interaction between intellectuals and the masses,“speaking for”the masses turned into intellectuals'“speaking fur thermselves,”which pruvides a theoretical solution to the tricky problem of intellectuals'speaking for the masses.In the use of national forms of literature and art,the mass style of literature and art has been manifest in a shift from a written to a living culture,and in terms of aesthetic effect and literary evaluation,it has thrown off“work centrism”.By reconstructing the relationship between writing,society and the masses,the mass style of literature and art has made systematic reflections on modern concepts of literature and art.